Since gaining independence from sudan on july 9, 2011, south sudan has confronted a number of humanitarian challenges, including population movements and returnee integration. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. Relief actors lauded the event as a positive development, but stressed the severity of the ongoing humanitarian crisis in south sudan and the need to address key drivers of the protracted conflict. Fighting broke out between the sudan peoples liberation movement splm. Aug 16, 2019 sudan has been in the midst of a political crisis since longserving ruler omar albashir was overthrown in april. The crisis in south sudan find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Humanitarian efforts have helped prevent widespread starvation, but the situation in south sudan is desperate again and the number of people facing hunger remains at record levels. The crisis in south sudan congressional research service 3 figure 1. Civilians bear the brunt of the conflict and have been systematically targeted by the warring parties. It is a tool used to share information on supplement other information products. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. The truce in south sudan is holding but could break down at any time. South sudans civil war and conflict dynamics in the red sea. Its independence came with the baggage of unresolved issues that characterized the struggle for independence.
Johnson on 16 december 20 the president of the republic of south sudan, salva kiir mayardit, appeared on state television in military uniform to announce that he had successfully put down a coup attempt in the capital, juba. Global south development magazines global development reporter mr. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. South sudan has been a country in turmoil since its formation. South sudan crisis facts conflict in south sudan mercy corps. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict christa charbonneau kuntzelman, m.
South sudan key opposition leader machar rejects latest deal bnn bloomberg 07. South sudan and the emerging security implications for east. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in. As the head of state, the president has every power to stop the war and restore our dignity in the world as people. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Kalaazar in south sudan mainly affects upper nile and jonglei states, but also parts of unity and eastern equatoria. Crisis groups senior analyst for south sudan alan boswell recounts what he found during his recent field trip to south sudan.
Following independence from sudan in july 2011, a political crisis sparked fighting in the republic of south sudans capital, juba, in december 20 that quickly spread to other parts of the country, igniting civil war. Description of crisis the south sudan crisis is a complex and protracted humanitarian crisis resulting from years of armed conflict, recurring natural disasters and severe economic crisis. Johnson and others published the political crisis in south sudan find, read and cite all the research you need on. Most of the fledgling nation is in the grip of a humanitarian crisis fueled by years of chronic underdevelopment, conflict and natural disasters. This article presents a retrospective analysis of the principal peace agreements to emanate from the north south conflict in sudan and the civil war in south sudan. Pdf south sudan political crisis and sudan conflict. In addition, many of the people displaced by violence in 2011. The union between president salva kiir and his former vice president. The current crisis reflects underlying tensions and lingering mistrust among south sudanese leaders.
Ongoing conflict in sudans two areas of blue nile and southern kordofan continues to result in refugee flows into south sudan, straining scarce resources. Renewed conflicts in december 20 and july 2016 have undermined the development gains achieved since independence and worsened the humanitarian situation. South sudan ipc acute food insecurity and acute malnutrition analysis january 2020 july 2020 issued february 2020 overview how severe, how many and when in the analysis period of january 2020, 5. It is bordered to the east by ethiopia, to the north by sudan, to the west by the central african republic, to the southwest by democratic republic of the congo, to the south by uganda and to the south east by kenya. Download the brief the issue since gaining its independence from sudan in 2011, south sudan has struggled to fulfill the promise of a new nation, eventually descending into civil war in late 20.
Boundaries and cities generated by hannah fischer using data from department of state, the national geospatial intelligence agency, and esri all 20, and the u. Unicef south sudan humanitarian situation report 31. Since december 20, south sudan has not experienced political stability rather moved from one crisis to anothe r mamdani, 2016. To gather information about the political economy of southern sudan on peace and. Tens of thousands of south sudanese have been killed and 4 million have fled their homes2 million internally displaced and 2 million as refugees in neighboring countries. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. The emerging security threats that south sudan faces is a reflection of its geography, cultural diversity and political. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in. Republic of south sudan rarcss began the process of forming a unity government in south sudans capital city of juba on february 22 and 23. Sudan has been in the midst of a political crisis since longserving ruler omar albashir was overthrown in april. Aid organizations face an array of humanitarian access. South sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20. After the inception period, lasting until october 2014, the program started to take shape.
The humanitarian crisis has by now reached unprecedented. The south sudanese civil war is an ongoing conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. The crisis in south sudan find, read and cite all the research you need on. The country is now bearing the devastating human and financial costs of a complex conflict with everchanging armed and political actors. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and.
The coup attempt was said to have been led by former vicepresident. But dan sullivan warns that largescale returns are premature. Pdf south sudan crisis and a way forward prosper baeni. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in december of 20, the characterization of the. The crisis in darfur and status of the northsouth peace agreement congressional research service summary sudan, geographically the largest country in africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. Learn more about the south sudan humanitarian crisis. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan.
In 2017, south sudans civil war entered its fourth year, spreading across the country with new fighting in greater upper nile, western bahr al ghazal, and the equatorias, featuring highly. South sudan crisis map as of december 26, 20 source. Sudan is undergoing a major transition following the 11 april ouster of omar albashir, one of africas longestruling leaders. Her research and publications since 2001 have focused on the historical and contemporary role of chiefs in southern sudan, and related issues of governance, state. The south sudan crisis is a complex and protracted humanitarian crisis resulting from years of armed conflict, recurring natural disasters and severe economic crisis. This bulletin will be issued once a week until the end of the crisis. On 15 december 20, an internal power struggle within the sudan peoples liberation movement splm, south sudans ruling political party, came to a head during a meeting of its second. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. South sudan crisis facts conflict in south sudan mercy. More than 2 million people have died in southern sudan over the past two.
What is both different and depressing, though, is that even. The crisis in darfur and status of the north south peace agreement congressional research service summary sudan, geographically the largest country in africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. Ongoing conflict in sudan s two areas of blue nile and southern kordofan continues to result in refugee flows into south sudan, straining scarce resources. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. The strongmans toppling, prompted by a sustained, peaceful campaign by a diverse and wellorganised protest movement, raised hopes that the country might make a transition to more inclusive, civilianled rule.
South sudan crisis humanitarian crisis analysis 2019. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service 1 background south sudan emerged in 2011 as the worlds newest country, and one of its least developed. The conflict that began in late 20 in south sudan has spilled over into a regional refugee crisis. The crisis in south sudan, african affairs 1, 451 2014, pp. South sudan gained its independence from sudan in the north in 2011. A political power struggle between south sudanese president salva kiir and former. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the splma leadership remained in the hands of the former chairman late dr.
People have lost their homes and livelihoods, and basic infrastructure has. South sudan remains in a serious humanitarian crisis due to the cumulative effects. Thus, south sudan has all the hallmarks of a failed state. Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war.
April 27, 2017 ssb honestly, there is always a solution for any problem if given a holistic approach. The republic of south sudan became the worlds newest nation and africas 55th country on july 9, 2011. Pdf the political crisis in south sudan researchgate. The political crisis in south sudan is now more than a year old, with no. Movement splm, south sudans ruling political party, came to a head during a meeting of its second highest organ, the national liberation council. Take a look at the timeline below for a peek into the countrys history, from its violent split from sudan through to today. After famine ravaged parts of south sudan in 2017, people are still at risk of dying of hunger. That transition has been halting and is fraught with. Paguot thudan is a landlocked country in eastcentral africa. The south sudan health cluster bulletin provides an overview of the health cluster activities conducted by health cluster partners currently responding to the crisis in south sudan. Sep 14, 2016 understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Machar says concerned about new three areas in south sudan sudan tribune 06.
In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. Her research and publications since 2001 have focused on the historical and contemporary role of chiefs in southern sudan, and related issues of governance, statesociety relations and political and judicial cultures. South sudan hasnt known peace since it became an independent nation in 2011. South sudan and the emerging security implications for. Abstract the purpose of the dissertation was to investigate similarities and differences between the current political crises in the republic of south sudan with the conflicts which had been going on within sudan for decades. The military and prodemocracy movement have been locked in a tussle for power. To stave off renewed civil war, external actors should urge the. After years of conflict, a comprehensive peace agreement between the sudanese government and southern sudan is signed. After almost 40 years of war between the sudan government and southern insurgents, southern sudanese voted in a january 2011 referendum to secede from sudan. Institute of peace, june 2011, filesresourcessr278. This document provides the humanitarian country teams shared understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing humanitarian need and the estimated number of people who need assistance. A fragile new peace deal in south sudan has brought cautious hope to the countrys 4.
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